Investigations on some Complex Hydrides
Although urban air pollution has been an issue for quite a while, climate changes arising from the emission of green house gases particularly CO2 has become more relevant than ever before after the publication of reports by G. Stern (2006) and IPCC (AR4, 2007). The onboard hydrogen storage target (~6 wt % H2) for the commercialization of FreedomCAR is far beyond the practical capacity (<2 wt % H2) achieved in intermetallic hydrides (e.g. LaNi5, FeTi etc.) at near ambient conditions. Light weight Complex Aluminum hydrides (general formula M(AlH4)n, M=Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca etc.) are the prime focus due to their high hydrogen content per unit weight. However poor desorption kinetics, high decomposition temperature and irreversibility are the reasons for their limited uses in commercial applications. We have catalyzed NaAlH4 using various transition metals, rare earth metals and carbon nanoforms. Among them Ti, Mm (mischmetal) and CNT catalysts have been found to be effective and make NaAlH4 as nearly viable material for mobile applications. Particularly Mm (Ce rich) is observed to be promising. 2 mol % Mm admixed NaAlH4 decompose at 150º C with the liberation of ~5 wt % H2 and 4.5 wt % H2 has been reversibly stored (see fig.). Long term cycling up to 35 cycles has been achieved with faster hydrogen liberation kinetics. We are also investigating other alanates (LiAlH4 and Mg(AlH4)2) and mixed type complex hydrides. This paper will describe and discuss the viability of Na, Mg and Li alanates as effective hydrogen storage materials.