Evaluation of commercially available ferrites for solar hydrogen production by two-step water splitting thermochemical cycles
Among the great number of water splitting thermochemical cycles that have been proposed and studied for hydrogen production, two-step cycles based on metal oxides are considered as the most appropriate candidates for their utilisation with concentrated solar radiation, owing to their simplicity and the ability of solar concentration technologies to achieve the required temperatures. Spinel ferrites of general formula MFe2O4 (M: metal) are promising redox materials for this application since they require moderate upper operation temperatures, although the net hydrogen production is somewhat limited. Studies on water splitting with different ferrites have been reported in the literature, in which the employed ferrites are usually synthesised in the laboratory by means of varied preparation methods. In this work, we report the study of commercially available nickel-, zinc-, copper-, nickel-zinc-, and copper-zinc- ferrites. The received materials have been chemically, structurally and thermally characterised by means of ICP-AES, XRD and TGA techniques, respectively. The activation and water splitting steps of the thermochemical cycle have been carried out at laboratory scale in a fixed bed reactor heated with an electric furnace up to temperatures below 1500 ºC. Studies on oxygen and hydrogen production, ciclability of the process and structural changes in the materials during the cycle are presented. The objective of this work is to assess the viability of these commercial ferrites for solar hydrogen production and to compare their activities to those reported in the literature with related materials.